How to achieve efficient charging and discharging of WPM series high-voltage pulse capacitors?

1. Detailed explanation of the charging process
When the WPM series high-voltage pulse capacitor is connected to the charging circuit, the entire charging process is officially started. The voltage provided by the external power supply forms an electric field in the circuit, and under the drive of the electric field force, free electrons begin to move in a directional manner. For the electrodes of the WPM capacitor, the electrode connected to the negative pole of the power supply will attract electrons, and the electrons will continue to accumulate on the surface of the electrode, making this electrode negatively charged; while the electrode connected to the positive pole of the power supply will lose electrons and thus carry a positive charge. ​
Due to the presence of the insulating medium, the charge cannot directly pass through the insulating medium from one electrode to another, but is confined to the surface of each electrode. As the charging time continues to increase, more and more charges accumulate on the electrodes, which makes the electric field strength between the electrodes continue to increase. From a microscopic level, the molecules in the insulating medium will undergo polarization under the action of the electric field. Taking ceramic dielectrics as an example, the electric dipoles inside the ceramic will gradually tend to be arranged along the direction of the electric field under the action of the electric field force. This polarization phenomenon further enhances the electric field strength between the electrodes and also helps to improve the storage capacity of the capacitor.​
During the charging process, the size of the charging current is not constant. According to Ohm's law and the characteristics of the capacitor, the charging current will gradually decrease over time. This is because as the charge on the electrode continues to accumulate, the voltage across the capacitor gradually increases, and the difference between the voltage and the external charging power supply voltage becomes smaller and smaller, resulting in a gradual decrease in the charging current. When the voltage across the capacitor rises to the same voltage as the external charging power supply, the charging current drops to zero, and the capacitor is charged and a certain amount of electrical energy is stored. ​
The WPM series high-voltage pulse capacitors show unique advantages during the charging process. The high-quality electrode materials used, such as high-purity aluminum, copper and their alloys, have good conductivity and low resistance, which allows the charge to accumulate on the electrode quickly and efficiently, greatly shortening the charging time. For example, in some pulse power systems that require fast charging, WPM capacitors can complete charging in milliseconds or even microseconds, providing sufficient energy reserves for subsequent pulse discharges. Moreover, due to the special surface treatment of the electrode, such as the use of vacuum coating technology to coat an extremely thin but highly conductive metal film on the surface of the electrode, not only the conductivity of the electrode is enhanced, but also its corrosion resistance is improved, so that the capacitor can remain stable when charged at high voltage, and there will be no problems such as charge leakage or dielectric breakdown, which effectively extends the service life of the capacitor. ​
2. Detailed explanation of the discharge process​
When the external circuit needs energy, the WPM series high-voltage pulse capacitor enters the discharge stage. At this time, the voltage across the capacitor is higher than the voltage of the external circuit, which forms a potential difference. Under the action of the electric field force generated by this potential difference, the charge accumulated on the electrode begins to flow from one electrode to another through the external circuit, thus forming a discharge current. ​
At the moment of discharge, since the WPM capacitor stores a large amount of charge, these charges are quickly released through the external circuit, which can generate a strong pulse current. Taking the laser emission application as an example, this instantly released strong pulse current can provide a high-energy pulse power supply for the laser generator, so that the laser beam can obtain enough energy in an instant and be emitted in a high-frequency and high-energy state to achieve precise strikes on long-distance targets. From a microscopic point of view, as the charge continues to flow out, the amount of charge on the electrode gradually decreases, and the electric field strength between the electrodes also weakens. The polarized molecules in the insulating medium gradually return to a disordered state, releasing the stored polarization energy, further promoting the release of charge. ​
During the discharge process, the magnitude and waveform of the discharge current will be affected by many factors. On the one hand, the capacitance value, internal resistance of the capacitor itself, and the resistance and inductance of the external circuit connected to it will affect the discharge current. For example, if the resistance of the external circuit is small, according to Ohm's law, the discharge current will be relatively large, and a large amount of energy can be released in a shorter time. On the other hand, the insulating medium characteristics of the WPM capacitor will also affect the discharge process. For example, the WPM capacitor using polypropylene film as the insulating medium has good flexibility, high insulation strength and low loss characteristics, and has extremely low energy loss under high-frequency pulses, which enables the capacitor to maintain a high efficiency during the discharge process, effectively improving the stability of the peak value and duration of the discharge current. ​
As the discharge continues, the voltage across the capacitor will gradually decrease with the release of the charge until the charge is almost completely released and the voltage drops to near zero. Moreover, the WPM series capacitors are carefully designed and manufactured, and their discharge characteristics are very stable. They can maintain consistent performance in multiple charge and discharge cycles, ensuring the reliability and stability of the operation of related equipment. Whether in the military field of laser weapons and electromagnetic weapons and equipment, or in the industrial field of laser cutting and welding equipment, as well as in the field of scientific research of particle accelerators, nuclear fusion experimental equipment and other applications, the stable discharge performance of WPM capacitors provides a strong guarantee for the normal operation of these equipment.